Kisters K1,2,3, Kisters L3, Kraus A1, Micke O1, Gröber U1, 2
1Gesellschaft für Magnesium-Forschung, Tutzing, DE
2Akademie für Mikronährstoffmedizin, Essen, DE
3Medizinsiche Klinik I & ESH Excellence Centre, St. Anna Hospital Herne & RUB Bochum, DE
Magnesium is an essential electrolyte and is involved in about 600 enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes (1-10). In risk patients a magnesium deficiency has often been described before (especially in cardiovascular diseases like hypertension etc., diabetes mellitus, artheriosclerosis, osteoporosis or geriatrics) (2-10).
Diagnosis of a magnesium deficiency can be performed either by laboratory measurements of serum magnesium routinely (7, 9), anamnesis (drugs), or clinical symptoms (muscle cramps) (7, 8).
A magnesium substitution is of benefit for these patients. The determination of ionized magnesium in blood is a new diagnostic tool to detect a magnesium deficiency very early (Phox plus apparatus, Nova Biomedical, USA). This new laboratory method can be used easily, quickly and precisely in a point of care unit with only 1 ml of blood. The analytical specification for imprecision CV% is about 3.0. In a variety of new studies no correlation between serum and ionized magnesium existed, as estimated 20 years ago (1, 3-5).
In conclusion a normal serum magnesium value does not exclude a magnesium deficiency.
The determination of ionized magnesium concentrations in blood seems to be more precise and can be an early marker for detecting a magnesium deficit. Especially patients with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, artheriosclerosis or geriatric patients can have special benefits of this new method (1, 3, 4-6, 10).
References
1. Kisters K, Gröber U, Gremmler B et al. Ionized magnesium deficiency in elderly hypertensive patients in a pilot study. Nutr Food Sci J 2020; 3(2): 129-134
2. Rosanoff A, Plesset MR. Oral magnesium supplements decreases high blood pressure (SBP> 155 mmHg) in hypertensive subjects on antihypertensive medications: a target meta-analysis. Magnes Res 2013; 26:93-99
3. Kisters K, Gremmler B, Wroblewski F et al. Ionized magnesium in elderly hypertensives. J Hypertens. 2021; 26:39(3):e321
4. Kisters K, Kisters L, Werner T et al. Increased serum vitamin D concentration under oral magnesium therapy in elderly hypertensives. Magnes Res. 2020; 33(4):131-132
5. Kisters K, Gröber U, Vormann J et al. Low ionized magnesium, vitamin D an interleukin 6 concentrations in elderly hypertensive patients. Trace Elem Electrolyt. 2021; 38(2):63-67
6. Kisters K, Kisters L, Werner T, Gröber U. Magnesium verbessert Vitamin D – Konzentration bei älteren Hypertonikern. Zs. f. Orthomol. Med. 2021; 19: 26-28
7. Micke O, Vormann J, Kraus T. Kisters K. Serum magnesium: time for a standardized and evidence-based reference range. Magnes Res 2021; Aug 26. doi: 10.1684/mrh.2021.0486
8. Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S et al. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; Jul; 47(4):522-550.doi: 101002/biof.1728. Epub 2021 Mar 26
9. Rosanoff A, West C, Elin RJ, Micke O, Kisters K, Kraus A et al. Recommendation on an updated standardization of serum magnesium reference ranges. Eur J Nutr 2022; Jun 10:1-10.doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02916-w.
10. Kisters K, Kisters L, Gröber U. Erhöhte ionisierte Kalzium/Magnesium-Ratio bei älteren Hypertoniker*innen. Zs. f. Orthomol. Med. 2022; 20: 17-21
